Lost Pedia Info on Healing on the Island: Healing properties - Lostpedia
Instances
The exact properties are currently unknown, although all inhabitants know of what the Island can do. When Mikhail addresses Naomi's punctured lung, he comments on the healing abilities that wounds are much different on The Island. Juliet also mentions that sperm counts for men are many times higher than normal for men living on the Island indicating that the healing properties of the Island also generally improve biological processes. ("D.O.C.") Also when Locke is with Ben in the ruins, Ben says that the Island is very selective of who it chooses to heal. ("The Brig")
The Island does not appear to heal an immediate death, such as when Shannon was shot or Goodwin impaled. However it has been known to cure a prolonged death, such as Rose's fatal cancer, though it doesn't always as evidenced by Boone and Libby's deaths. As of Season 3, Locke is the only person explicitly healed more than once, and his most noteworthy case is when he could walk instantly when he awakens from the crash, after being paralyzed for 4 years.
The healed
Ben
Ben had a spinal tumor surgically removed by Jack. For the eight days following the surgery, Ben was unable to walk and even to move his toes. When Locke arrived at the Barracks, Ben said he could feel "pins and needles" in his legs, and stand and walk with the aide of a walking stick. Around a week later, he showed Locke that he was now able to move about with the aid of a walking stick. ("Not in Portland"), ("The Brig")
Jack
Jack wounded by the crash of Flight 815On Day 1 Jack finds a grisly gash in his side, possibly from the crash. Kate sews up the wound. In later episodes, this wound never bothers Jack. ("Pilot, Part 1")
Jin
Jin has been medically unable to father children. However, Sun is pregnant. Juliet confirms that Sun became pregnant on the Island, and also mentions that the sperm count of men on the Island is as much as five times higher than normal, thus suggesting how Jin could have fathered the child. ("The Whole Truth"), ("The Glass Ballerina"), ("D.O.C.")
Locke
Locke was paralyzed from the waist down because his father, Anthony Cooper, pushed him out an 8 story window. However, Locke started to walk again immediately after crashing on the Island. Weeks later when Locke follows his vision to find the drug smugglers' plane with Boone, the Island seemingly takes away Locke’s ability to walk. Locke believes the Island is punishing him and demanding him to complete the task of finding the plane. After Boone is fatally wounded and Locke finds the plane filled with heroin, he no longer has trouble walking, and is even able to carry a dying Boone on his back. ("Walkabout"), ("The Man from Tallahassee"), ("Deus Ex Machina")
Locke's leg is crushed and punctured by a blast door during the lockdown. Jack examines his leg and says that he thinks Locke's leg might have a fracture and that he should stay off it. For a short while he wears a splint Jack put on his legs and uses crutches to get around. Within a few days Locke removes the splint and abandons the crutches on the beach.("Lockdown")
Locke's bite-wound on his hand, inflicted by his father, heals completely within 8 days. ("The Brig")
After being shot by Ben,he somehow manages to get to the radio tower in an attempt to stop Jack from making the rescue call.
Michael
After allowing Ben to escape, Michael shoots himself in the shoulder. The wound heals at an abnormally fast pace. ("Two for the Road")
Mikhail
Mikhail Bakunin stumbles upon Jin, Charlie, Hurley and Desmond in the jungle, several days after having been seriously injured in the sonic fence, when at that time it seemed to have killed him. He appears to be perfectly fine now. When he arrives back to the makeshift camp that the Others are living in he remarks that the sonic fence was not set to a lethal setting. ("Par Avion"), ("D.O.C.") ("The Man Behind the Curtain")
While investigating The Looking Glass, Mikhail is shot in the chest with a spear gun by Desmond. Mikhail is rendered unconscious. Several moments later, he manages to dive underwater and swim around the station in full awareness.
Naomi
Mikhail comments that Naomi's punctured lung should only take "about a day and a half" to heal, which, clearly, is much quicker than normal. ("D.O.C.")
Rose
Rose was dying of cancer and had very little time left to live. Since crashing on the Island, she’s noticed a difference in herself and believes she has been cured. ("S.O.S.")
Sawyer
On Day 44, Sawyer is shot on the raft (not on the Island). On Day 48, back at the Island, Jack begins treating the wound. Sawyer, at this point, is unconscious. Sawyer heals rapidly and the following day feels well enough to walk around with Kate. By Day 63, Sawyer appears fully healed and capable of looting the supply drop and brawling with Hurley. ("The Long Con") ("Dave")
Sayid
Mikhail shot Sayid's shoulder then removed the bullet, stitched the wound, and put his arm in a sling ("Enter 77"). Sayid's shoulder was completely healed by the next episode; although he was still bandaged, and he had full use of his arm. ("Par Avion")
The unhealed
While the above instances appear to indicate healing properties, there are other examples where people were NOT healed.
Ana-Lucia
Ana-Lucia, was shot by Michael and dies almost immediately.
Boone
Boone suffers a fatal injury when the plane in the jungle falls from its perch and crashes to the ground causing multiple severe impact and crush injuries. Locke carries him to the Caves where he chooses to be let go, even after an offer by Jack to save him, even to the point of giving Boone his own blood. ("Do No Harm")
Colleen
Colleen is shot by Sun and fails to recover. There was a large amount of abdominal bleeding involved. She might have been saved had a better doctor than Juliet performed the initial surgery or if the crash cart at the Hydra had been in working order. She survived with her wound long enough to be brought back by boat to the Hydra, and it is possible that the healing properties of the Island, while not saving her, prolonged her life.("The Glass Ballerina"), ("Every Man for Himself")
Donald & The Tailies
Donald, one of the Tailies, died from an infection to a leg injury sustained from the plane crash on day 5. ("The Other 48 Days")
Three additional unnamed Tailies died as a result of injuries received in the crash. ("The Other 48 Days")
Libby
Libby is shot by Michael and dies of wounds soon after, not even able to tell anybody who her killer is. ("?")
Mars
Edward Mars, the US Marshal escorting Kate back to the United States, suffers a severe injury to and has a piece of metal from the fuselage sticking out of his abdomen. He was shot by Sawyer, who accidentally perforated his lung and failed to kill him. He was euthanised by Jack as an act of mercy. ("Tabula Rasa")
Normal healing
Disorders, injuries, and scars that either did not heal or may have healed normally:
Aaron's (presumably) routine dermatitis. ("Maternity Leave")
Ben (aka Henry Gale) is wounded by Rousseau in the shoulder on Day 57. By Day 65, in "S.O.S.", Ben’s wound appears better, but not at the same incredible rate that Sawyer was healed from the gunshot. Likewise the injuries inflicted by Sayid also seem to be healing normally.
Charlie's scars surrounding (one under and one over) his left eye.
Locke's facial scar over his right eye.
Locke's stolen kidney does not regenerate.
We can't be sure that it didn't. The scar is still there but that doesn't mean the kidney isn't.
Locke's alopecia (hair loss) is still prevalent.
Sawyer's presbyopia (vision problems) and the headaches it causes.
Shannon's asthma. ("Confidence Man")
However, it is worth noting that she only suffered one asthma attack during her time on the Island, which Jack diagnosed as anxiety or panic-induced.
Sullivan's rash. ("Solitary")
Off the Island
Sarah Shephard is miraculously healed after being operated on by Jack, making her able to 'dance at her wedding' to Jack. ("Man of Science, Man of Faith")
Isaac of Uluru is credited with seemingly miraculous cures, though it is possible that he is a fraud. He claims to harness the energy of "certain places with great energy", and that there's different types of energy in different areas, each of which is only suitable for healing certain people. ("S.O.S.")