Funny thing is that there is no significant resemblance between the lives or thoughts of these philosophers AND the characters given their names in the show. Now I've seen on some other forums Lost-fans looking into possible similarities between Mr. Locke and Locke, Rousseau and the Romantic thinker Rousseau, Echo, probably with Meister Eckhardt and all- but to my knowledge regarding these philosophers, all these are far-fetched and often misleading assumptions... I think there's more subtlety to these philosopher names than a simple pairing based on any level of likeness.

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"Bear...? Is that you?"-- Hurley S03E4